

There, as few as a thousand spies collected military intelligence on neighboring countries. Yet even by the beginning of the twentieth century, the only important intelligence operations were located on the European continent.

In the United States, intelligence-gathering occurred as early as the American Revolution (1775–83) and during the Civil War (1861–65). Historically it involved daring, adventure-seeking individuals who spied on nearby enemies, then informed their leaders of enemy activity. Spying is considered one of the oldest professions, dating to biblical times. military documents and passing them to Soviet intelligence agents, he or she would be considered a mole. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was also secretly stealing U.S. For example, if an agent employed by the U.S. Quietly they funnel top-secret information to the enemy.

Moles are double agents who betray the agency they work for. The counterintelligence departments of intelligence agencies are always on the lookout for moles. Counterintelligence or counterespionage involves protecting a country and its agencies from spy activities carried out by enemies. Hence, agencies that gather such information are called intelligence-gathering agencies. The acquired information is called intelligence. Garthoff describes the espionage game in his book A Journey through the Cold War.Įspionage, or more simply, spying, is the gathering and analyzing of information about enemies or potential enemies. Espionage generates its own rules." This is how Soviet affairs expert and former U.S. It violates international law and normal codes of civilized conduct, and yet it is virtually universal because it is considered a matter of vital national importance to states. "E spionage is a very serious matter for some, a deadly se-rious business.
